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At the same time, the ozone is a gas, major for the thermal conditions of the stratosphere. The significant changes of the total ozone amount in the atmosphere over the South pole regions, observed during the last decades, have attracted the attention of the scientific community. Together with the ozone decrease in the polar atmosphere, similar behavioral features have also been observed at mid-latitudes [1,2]. The measurements show unambiguously that the total ozone over northern mid-latitudes decreased from 1980 to the mid-1990s. Since then TOC depletion hasn t been registered [3,4,5,6].Therefore, the monitoring of the ozone amount in global scale is considered nowadays a task of primary significance for the life of our planet. For this purpose the Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) network has been created to monitor the total ozone by a set of ground-based instruments. Simultaneously,several projects such as the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) , the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME), the SCanning Imaging Absorption SpectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIAMACHY) , Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) etc. investigate the ozone from space. - 1 - :PP -Pf  d Instruments and data  (6 This paper presents the total ozone column (TOC) behaviour over the Balkan region in the last 10 years. The ozone dynamics is investigated by using data from the SCanning Imaging Absorption SpectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIAMACHY) on board the ENVISAT satellite (ESA). SCIAMACHY is an imaging spectrometer, which carries out global measurements of various trace gases in the troposphere and stratosphere. The data are retrieved from the instrument by observation of transmitted, back scattered and reflected radiation from the atmosphere in the wavelength range between 240 nm and 2400 nm. In Nadir Mode, the global distribution (total column values) of the atmospheric trace gases, including ozone, is observed. - 2 -61PP -P> }  . Results and discussion *((J An analysis of the total ozone over the Balkan region is presented. The investigation is made for Athens (37 59 N, 23 46 E) Sofia (42 39 N, 23 23 E) and Bucharest (44 28 N, 26 17 E) in the 10-year period 2002-2011. The total ozone behaviour by its monthly mean values over these places is presented in Fig.1: a) for Athens; b) for Sofia and c) for Bucharest. - It can be seen that the general patterns are similar but the values of the ozone concentrations tend to be higher in Sofia and Bucharest than in Athens. Consequently, there is a gradual increase in the ozone column with the latitude. - The seasonal course of the ozone content is clearly expressed, showing an abrupt maximum in the spring and a decrease to the minimum in the autumn. - A quasi-biennial periodicity in the amplitudes of the ozone maxima can be seen only over Sofia. For example, in 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009, these amplitudes are bigger than those in 2004, 2006, 2008 , as the biggest TOC maximum (401 DU) is registered in February 2003 while the smallest one (362 DU)  in April 2004. - 3 - PPPv"  " " "  $"$ ((,",00  L Fig.1b. Total ozone behaviour in the period 2002-2011 over Sofia - 5 -*FPPM + O Fig.1c. Total ozone behaviour in the period 2002-2011 over Bucharest - 6 -*IPPP / > Fig.2 presents the seasonal TOC course in the period 2002- 2011 over Athens, Sofia and Bucharest. - Monthly mean ozone values over Athens are lower than those over Sofia and Bucharest. This is clearly expressed in the first half of the year. - The difference in monthly mean TOC values over the observed places is biggest in March : between Sofia and Athens : 20 DU and between Bucharest and Athens: 24 DU. The course of the annual mean ozone values over these locations in the period 2003  2010 is shown in the Fig.3. - The annual mean ozone values are very close for two of them - Sofia and Bucharest. They vary between 320 and 339 DU. These values for Athens are lower and they are in the interval 310 330 DU. - From 2003 to 2008 a slight decrease in total ozone over the Balkan region is observed, and then it begins to grow. - 7 -@ZZ 4  Fig.2. Seasonal ozone course for the period 2002-2011 over Athens(%), Sofia (%) and Bucharest (%). - 8 -*nPPtL'   Fig.3. Course of the annual mean ozone values in the period 2003-2010 over Athens (%), Sofia (%) and Bucharest (%). - 9 -*zPP  References  [1] Bojkov, R.D., Fioretov, V.E. and Shalamiamnsky, A.M., Total ozone changes over Eurasia since 1973 based on reevaluated filter ozonometer data, J.Geophys.Res., 99, 22985-22999, 1994. [2] Zerefos, C.S. Long-term total ozone and UV variations through the year 2000, Report IAGA/ICMA workshop, 25-28, 2001. [3] Hadjinicolaou, P., Pyle, J.A., Harris, N.R.P., The recent turnaround in stratospheric ozone over northern middle latitudes: A dynamical modeling perspective. Geophysical Research Letters 32, L12821, doi: 10.1029/2005GL022476, 2005. [4] Krzyscin, J.W., Jaroslavski, J., Rajevska-Wiech, B., Beginning of the ozone recovery over Europe? Analysis of the total ozone data from the ground-based observations, 1964-2004. Annales Geophysicae 23 (5), 1685-1695, 2005. [5] Varotsos, C. Power-law correlations in column ozone over Antarctica, Int. J. Remote Sensing, 26, N 16, 3333-3342, 2005. [6] Harris N.R.P., Kyro E., Staehelin J. et al., Ozone trends at northern mid- and high latitudes  a European perspective, Ann. Geophys., 26, 1207-1220, 2008. - 10 -4_PP_H V   z #   ;*  n ` fff33` 3KI3ff` 33ff` /p` 3%*3|` Jy3fff3f` 3ff3̙` 33ff33` DDyq3f` ̙3n` w3ff` }ff>?" dd@,?nKd@ P nA@F`d n?" dd@   @@``PR"   @ ` `2p>>   p" (    6Г #" ``   Z*   6@ #" `` `  \* T X  "X  Ndd#" `P H0  6d#" `U F0  S "UY @  c $"YW @   c $P"YU @   c $" @   S #" `SV F0   S X"Y @   c $"X @  < #" `  `  T Click to edit Master title style! !$  0 " `p  RClick to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level!     S  6P #" `^ `  X* H  0޽h ? }ff80___PPT10. 07  PixelE   E(   j T    "   TԳd #"   H0   c $ "9)e  F0^b e   # "e    S "ie  F0   S "9) F0   S ´"0 F0   S Ŵ"?e  F0   S ɴ") F0   S ̴"?G F0   S dδ"oG F0   S @Ҵ"9G F0   S h״"iA F0   S dڴ"A? 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(2 ~eOVER THE BALKAN REGION    .-@Arial-. 2 Bogdana.-@Arial-. 2 ZMendeva.-@Arial-. B2 <n'Space Research and Technology Institute    .-@Arial-. 42 ]Bulgarian Academy of Sciences   .-@Arial-. 2 Starav  .-@Arial-. 2 Zagora .-@Arial-. 2 e Department T  .-@Arial-.  2 e.-@Arial-.  2 -.-@Arial-. 2 mail:  .-@Arial-. ff2  bmendeva@abv.bg.-ff-  -՜.+,D՜.+,      gOn-screen Show STIL-BAS'G  ArialTimes New Roman Wingdings Arial BlackPixelM PRESENT STATUS OF THE TOTAL OZONE OVER THE BALKAN REGION Introduction Instruments and data  Results and discussion Slide 5Slide 6Slide 7Slide 8Slide 9 Slide 10 References  Fonts UsedDesign Template Slide Titles  8@ _PID_HLINKSAhmailto:bmendeva@abv.bg!_v W SatelliteSatellite  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuwxyz{|}~Root EntrydO)PicturesssCurrent UserSummaryInformation(vlPowerPoint Document(:vDocumentSummaryInformation8